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early detection

A T cell, here in purple, makes contact with a transplant organ cell, here in reddish brown. The T cell secretes the enzyme granzyme B, here in gray, which attacks the organ cell. But granzyme B also severs fluorescent signal molecules, in green, from the rejection detecting nanoparticle, in light pink. The signal molecules make their way into the urine, where they give off a fluorescent cue. Georgia Tech / EllaMaru Studio (work for hire, all rights GT, free for distribution).
Urine Test Detects Organ Transplant Rejection, Could Replace Needle Biopsies

New nanoparticle makes urine glow as soon as T cells initiate an attack on transplanted organs
The activity sensor illustrated in reddish-pink with small, green attachments is shown here in its application to detect organ transplant rejection. T cells secrete the enzyme granzyme, here in gray, which kills cells but also severs the fluorescent green signal molecules from the activity sensing nanoparticle. The green signal molecules make their way into the urine, where they give off a fluorescent cue. Credit: Georgia Tech / EllaMaru Studios work for hire / press handout
Urine Test to Evaluate Immunotherapy Success Gets $1.8 Million NIH Research Grant

Immunotherapy can eradicate cancer or fall down trying, and this sensor monitors that success or failure.